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None Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

None - Essay Example Besides, the exploration additionally inferred that carbon monoxide delivered by private cars was 95% higher; creation of risky natural mixes is 92% more prominent, multiple times more discharge of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide when contrasted with open transportation for every individual voyaging per mile. There was another examination led in 2004 by Lancaster University, which recommended that changing to prepare framework from the private vehicle or aircrafts voyaging has no critical favorable circumstances as far as condition security. Be that as it may, there was an ecological gathering â€Å"friends of the earth†, who had inverse perspectives in regards to the move and they were not happy with the discoveries of the examination directed by the college (Marston, 2004). They made another examination, which uncovered that the train framework needed the cutting edge headway that had been made for the vehicles and aircraft enterprises as far as better fuel utilization and effective utilization of the fuel. A train that goes from London to Edinburgh utilizes 11.5 liters overabundance fuel per individual when contrasted with the most recent vehicles chipping away at diesel; and correspondingly, the trains of Pendolino devoured more fuel per individual than the airbus A380 (ABD, 20 12). There are some other point by point considers that have inferred that there is a negative and inverse connection between the urban populace thickness and vitality utilization per capita. With the assistance of open travel framework, the high urban populace densities can be profited effectively and as a converse connection the utilization of vitality to run the framework will be low and the voyaging separation will be decreased. Green developments individuals consistently are supportive of open transportation due to high advantages in term of less defilement and low contamination than some other voyaging framework. In 2004, there was an examination completed in the city of Milan, Italy that revealed the effect of mass transportation on the earth on a day of open transportation strike. The air during 8 days in

BPD and the Sympathetic Nervous System

BPD and the Sympathetic Nervous System BPD Print BPD and the Sympathetic Nervous System By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 05, 2019 Image Source/Getty Images   More in BPD Diagnosis Treatment Living With BPD Related Conditions Ever wonder what gets your heart pumping while youre watching a scary movie? Or whats responsible for your quick reaction when someone cuts you off in traffic? Or why your brain goes blank and your palms get sweaty when you have to give a presentation to a room full of people?   The sympathetic nervous system is what stimulates the fight-or-flight response when youre presented with a threat, whether its being chased by a wild animal or confronting your fear of public speaking. When no threat is present, the parasympathetic nervous system allows your body to rest, recover, and digest nutrients.   Understanding the Autonomic Nervous System The sympathetic nervous system is one branch of the  autonomic nervous system (the other branch is the parasympathetic nervous system). The autonomic nervous system  regulates the functions of organs like your heart, stomach, bladder, and intestines that take place without conscious effort. It also controls the muscles in your body. You usually dont notice this system at work because it acts reflexively in response to stimuli like a wild animal. In acutely stressful situations, a number of things happen in your brain. First, the amygdala, which is responsible for detecting fear and preparing for emergency events, sends the message to your hypothalamus that youre in danger. In turn, the hypothalamus, which links your nervous system to your endocrine system, sends adrenaline into your bloodstream. This sets off a number of physiological and hormonal changes, such as dilated pupils, increased heart rate and blood pressure, increased alertness, and heightened senses. In addition, blood sugar and fats are released into your bloodstream for energy, so you can fight or flee from the danger.   In borderline personality disorder, the very well-orchestrated automatic nervous system is more easily triggered, which can cause serious emotional conflict, both inside and out.   The Sympathetic Nervous System With Borderline Personality Disorder Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common and disruptive mental illness that affects at least four million Americans. Despite its prevalence, little research has been performed to study the neurological or physiological mechanisms behind BPD. Some scientists have suggested that better understanding the mechanics behind BPD, such as issues with the sympathetic nervous system, may lead to the creation of more effective treatment options. To date, though some drugs can help manage specific symptoms of BPD, theres no medication specifically approved to treat BPD. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Illnesses, 5th edition, a reference healthcare professionals review when making a diagnosis, people with BPD typically have trouble regulating their emotions. Researchers have hypothesized that this means the sympathetic nervous system in people with BPD may be overly stimulated, causing intense or irrational reactions. People with BPD tend to display signs of stress longer than others; some studies have found that those with BPD remain in an emotional state 20 percent longer than other people.   For people with BPD, minor situations which wouldnt impact other people can cause an extreme physical response. This can create extreme stress  and anxiety, even if the stress is caused by delusions.  For instance, if a person with BPD believes her partner is going to leave her, she may become panicked and distraught, even if her partner has no intention of breaking up with her. Her heart may race, she may cry, and she may feel a rush of adrenaline and take a rash action to prevent her partner from leaving.   The cause of this heightened response is unknown. Some healthcare professionals believe BPD is caused by a mix of biological and environmental factors, including both genetics and how you were brought up. Abuse, trauma, and abandonment have all been linked to an increased risk of BPD. In one study, 75 percent of women with BPD had a documented history of childhood sexual abuse. Family history also plays an essential role as  BPD is about five times more common among first-degree biological relatives of those with the disorder. The Importance of Learning to Manage Stress Whatever the cause, because people with BPD tend to be more readily sent into the fight-or-flight state, and to remain in that state even when the source of stress has ended. Learning to manage the stress that can trigger that spiral is vital to preventing relapses and improving overall health. Over time, maintaining a state of constant alert can cause your body to work overtime. This wear and tear, known as allostatic load, can cause serious health problems. Of course, having BPD by itself is stressful. Still, there are coping mechanisms that can help you manage your mental health condition and improve your quality of life. For tips on how to handle stress, check out tips from the National Alliance of Mental Illness.

How Media Ownership Is Important For People - 871 Words

The information is vey important for people in communities. Citizens can receive information from a variety of mass media such as televisions, radios, and newspapers, and also get from new media such as the Internet. This information has affect people who use data for making social and political decisions (Ederstone, 2011, p. 140). Media ownership plays an important role as man in the middle by collected facts from their journalists and spread to general public; also the same information can disseminate to worldwide through new media. The purpose of this assignment is to illustrate the benefits of concentrated media ownership, including news to become international and a variety of services and products. It will then go on to describe the disadvantages, which involve diversity of content and lack of neutrality. Convergence technology is breaking down walls of the media and allows news to become international that means local news can spread to global audiences. In fact, the Internet has created an extraordinary of information and entertainment via data broadcasting, Internet technologies and traditional home video replacement. People around the world can access the same content that media owners provide that means contents are spreading to global viewers. In addition, research in industry trends from PricewaterhouseCoopers shows that advertising revenue on the Internet is predicted that it will sharply rise from 6,000 billion in 2008 to 15,000 billion in 2017, whereasShow MoreRelatedThe Media s Role Of The Press Essay1606 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscourse and debate, forming an important pillar of democracy. Today, there is still a widely held belief that the media is and should still serve as a guardian of the public interest. The sad reality however is that media does not and has not liv ed up to this ideal of a societal watchdog for decades. For the last few decades, monopolistic ownership has threatened the media’s ability to disseminate truthful, diverse information. Accurate reporting is difficult in a media environment in which easilyRead MoreThe Role Of Media Coverage On The Media1399 Words   |  6 Pages While analysing media ownership, it resulted clear how proprietorial influence plays an important role in citizens’ lives. It is not just a matter of controlling the news outcome but it also directly influences politics where media coverage is essential for the spreading of ideas. Regarding this topic, the perfect example in position of power is Rupert Murdoch, a man whose only cravings are power and control, a man who has built an empire from the ground earning a position of international respectRead More Democracy and Capitalism Essay1719 Words   |  7 PagesDemocracy and Capitalism Those who live in America enjoy freedom because America is a democratic nation in which the people hold the power. Is this statement truly a reality? One must consider the fact the United States is also a capitalist society and this has changed the face of democracy. Can we honestly say that the citizens of the United States hold the power when we consider the actual state of the political system? Upon closer examination, it appears that the majority of decisionsRead MoreMedia And The Global Media1417 Words   |  6 Pagesbringing about the global media order. The first of these five shifts is the increasing concentration of ownership. This means that the global media is now dominated by a small number of powerful, centralized media conglomerates. Sociological theories of the various forms of the media shows us that they can never be assumed to be politically neutral or socially beneficial. For many people the key problem is the increasing concentration of ownership of diff erent types of media within large conglomeratesRead MoreMedia And Broad Casting Mass Media903 Words   |  4 PagesFor a long time, people receive news on the printed source such as newspaper, magazine which published by newspaper company or publishing company. A little while a go, people got another news source which are radio and television. Most country start with public broad casting and while later, the radio or television company established and start broadcasting own programs. Both literary media and broad casting mass media are mostly driven by big company and each of those company has own political stanceRead MoreThe Four Aspects Of Sociology And Their View On The Media1197 Words   |  5 PagesThe four aspects in sociology and their view on the media The media comes in many different formats ranging from the internet (new media) to newspapers (old media, which has been around for many years). The term ‘mass media’ refers to the technology, organisations and producers involved in one-way communication with large audiences without any face-to-face or personal contact. The media is mostly owned by trans-national companies (TNC). This essay explores the views of several aspects of sociology:Read MoreMedia s Influence On The Media1637 Words   |  7 Pagesthe mass media is conditioned by wealth and power, so as a result of the concentration of power and the official censorship done by the government and corporate sources; the media follows the ideas of the elite. In order to deliver messages that support the elite’s beliefs, the media goes through five different filters that determine the information presented, this are ownership of media, funding, sourcing, flak, and fear. First, when referring to the ownership of media, it is important to acknowledgeRead MoreShould Media Law Protect Intellectual Property?1059 Words   |  5 PagesQ1: Should media law protect intellectual property? Why or why not? If media law should protect IP, how long should the protection be in force? Is it ethical to own ideas? Media Law covers media rights and is basically based on court decisions. The three general areas covered are print media, telecommunications and digital communications. Intellectual Property is defined as creations of the mind such as inventions like literary, artistic works, designs, symbols, names and images used in commerceRead MoreThe Bad Image Of Black Athlete1584 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The bad image of black athlete is one of the most important problems today. African American athletes are not that different from white athletes; however, media portrays a bad image of them for some unknown reasons. Our world is full of the great African-Americans who showed incredible results in professional sports. On one side, a lot of African-American athletes in the limelight right now come from nothing to somewhat. On the other side, there is a negative connotation that all AfricanRead MoreHow The Media Is The Issue Of The 21st Century1137 Words   |  5 Pagesdangers of media ownership concentrated in only a few mega-corporations. Refer to specific readings/viewings to back up your thoughts. b) According to Robert McChesney (Corporate Media the Threat to Democracy), and the movie Free Speech for Sale, why is such a concentration of corporate ownership a threat to democracy? (Hint: begin by defining democracy.) c) Include in your discussion both what the function of the media should be in a democracy, and what the function of the media is in danger

Gender Stereotypes And Gender Roles Essay - 1826 Words

Gender stereotypes often come from many different sources; some of those sources are television, movies, books and society. We typically hold these stereotypes whether we know it or not, and it affects the way we think. Most of the time people hold themselves or their partners accountable for living up to these expectations. One of these common stereotypes is a male being the provider in the relationship. Traditionally speaking, we often associate the male figure of the relationship as the provider. Males are always stereotyped to ensure the financial safety and stability for their family. If he fails to provide for his family we assume the relationship is broken or failing. A providing male typically feels superior and according to Zuo (2011) research of the Effects of Men’s Breadwinner Status, a man’s breadwinning role has been viewed as a core part of his masculinity. Men s beliefs are found to be strongly associated with the breadwinner status (Gerson, 1993; 1994; I zraeli, 1994; Wilkie, 1993). For generations society generated the ideal image of a male partner, spouse or father, as someone who had a stable and successful career. This meant that their relationship and family would be happy and successful. Based off this stereotype men would have the pressure of fulfilling this commitment. Women commonly used this stereotype as a key factor when looking for a romantic partner. If a woman had found a successful male partner to support them, they typically felt secure andShow MoreRelatedGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles Essay1415 Words   |  6 PagesRoles are often assigned to boys and girls in accordance with the sex assigned at birth. We refer to these as gender roles. Gender roles begin to be imposed as early as birth. The nursery in the hospital assigns either a blue name plate for a boy or a pink name plate for a girl. These roles are continuously reinforced by family. Children learn at an early age that boys and girls are different. Children observe gender role s and in many cases these roles are eventually accepted as an unquestionableRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Stereotypes Essay1449 Words   |  6 PagesProspectus: Gender roles and gender stereotypes in advertising My position: I believe advertisements that reinforce female gender roles and stereotypes are damaging to society. 2. Non-favorable Incidents: The examination of the â€Å"Victoria’s Secret† ad for a line of undergarments labeled â€Å"The Showstopper.† The headline is â€Å"Show nothing but your shape,† and the image is a thin woman with big breasts staring seductively. The image clearly sets a tone that this is what is a stand of ideal beauty. AndRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles954 Words   |  4 Pages Gender can be a hot topic within cultures; a male or female does not want to be told that they can or cannot do something based on their gender. Every culture views gender roles differently, and some cultures are more serious about gender than others. Many times, male and female actions are determined by what a person has been taught is right; furthermore, gender roles are a set of societal norms that are the behaviors that a sex is generally known to do and what is considered accepted of a personRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles1261 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen expected to act a certain way depending on their sex. These societal expectations are called gender roles. (Rathus, 2010, p.447). These roles begin to develop even before a child is even out of the womb. A mother may decorate their nursery pink if they are having a daughter because â€Å"girls like pink,† and â€Å"boys like blue.† Gender roles should not be confused with gender stereotypes. A gender stereotype is a narrow way of thinking about how men and woman are obligated to behave. For example, men haveRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles1241 Words   |  5 PagesWe will never be able to control how gender stereotypes are formed. Gender roles were naturally created as a result of human evolution and the different modes of living that were adopted by humans. Humans, however remain the driving force behind reinforcing gender roles and stereotypes with different mediums. Such as television, art, and writing. In order to understand how gender is portrayed in contemporar y American comedy this paper will analyze the characters from the television show, It’s AlwaysRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Stereotypes1102 Words   |  5 PagesDefined Gender Roles Creating a Lack of Reality in Children’s Literature Distinction is a concept that is learned at a very young age. It is used as a tool to distinguish between race, religion, language, age and especially gender. Where certain topics regarding race and religion may be considered more taboo, the definition of gender is always open for discussion but it is not always depicted in all forms of the word. Children can feel isolated if they cannot relate to individuals they look up toRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles1246 Words   |  5 PagesGender roles are defined as the â€Å"widely accepted societal expectations about how males and females should behave† (Rathus, 2010). From gender roles, we, the people of society, are able to determine whether someone identifies as a male or a female. Both biological and social factors tend to determine what gender roles a person takes on. However, there are also gender stereotypes, which are â€Å"the fixed and oversimplified beliefs about the ways in which men and women ought to beha ve† (Rathus, 2010).Read MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles1389 Words   |  6 PagesGender roles are set of societal norms dictating the types of behavior which are genrally considered acceptable , appropriate for people based on their actual or perceived sex or sexuality. Gender roles are also determined by the prevailing cultural norms. The attitudes and expectations surrounding gender roles are not typically based on any inherent or natural gender differences, but on gender stereotypes, or oversimplified notions about the attitudes, traits, and behavior patterns of males andRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles1845 Words   |  8 PagesTimes have changed; gender roles are no longer clearly defined Traditionally, gender has been defined as the state of being male or female but, recently society has begun to understand that gender is not the biological sex that you were born with but how you identify and express yourself. A persons gender can be male, female, neither, both or something completely different. People tend to see gender as black or white, or a box you can tick but gender does not have to conform to what our modern societyRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles1076 Words   |  5 PagesGender stereotypes and gender roles are a largely contested issue in the modern world. Countries around the world have very different gender norms, though there are some recurrent patterns between many cultures. For most recurrent patterns there is a culture who does not abide by those gender norms. There is typically many good reasons for each recurrent pattern that makes sense from an evolutionary standpoint. There is also a significant difference in the way men and women are t reated. This is caused

What is Justice Free Essays

string(61) " to improve human nature, which involved only constructions\." Plato was a Greek philosopher a student of Socrates and a teacher of Aristotle. The three laid down the western philosophy. Plato was a mathematician and a writer of philosophical dialogues, was the founder of the first institution of higher learning in the western world. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Justice? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Plato was equally influenced by his mentors thinking just as what he saw as his teacher unjust death. Aristotle was a student of Plato and a teacher of Alexander the great. He was the man who created a comprehensive system of western philosophy, which was inclusive of aesthetics, morality, logic and science and finally politics. Plato who attended all Socrates’ trail got a trauma which led him to desire to design an idea society. Following his death Plato traveled wide in search of learning after which he established the Athens academy. Socrates appears as a character in most of Plato’s dialogues. Most of his writings are in form of dialogue it enabled him raise several points of view and let the Reader decide which is more varied. Plato had a great influence in philosophy as well as social and cultural science. Plato grew up in a family setting that enabled him have an interaction with city affairs. And desired to become a master of his own self and find out the state of publics affairs then as many were discontented with the constitution and a revolution took place. Having brought up in a family that hand a hand in leadership, who asked him to join them what he desired most. Plato expected the family to exercise justice instead of injustice. What is Justice? Justice is the concept of moral uprightness based on ethics, law and natural law. Justice can be equitable to fairness and equity. It is a key feature in the society. It is the fair ordering of this and persons and the first virtue of social institutions. It can be elaborated to be ones right to be protected and treated fairy according to the law; either in good or in wrong doing. Also as deciding carefully and fairly if one is guilty of what he or she is been accused of. Referring to shame I strongly agree that shame enhances the truthfulness of individuals due to fear of disrespect. In this way justice is achieved to the individuals concerned. This also enables many to develop the acquired virtue of justice. On other hand shame can make people be denied justice when the person involved fears to offer something to avoid disrespect. About females and justice they should be equally handled with men they shouldn’t be discriminated assuming they are sub-species. In the current world we have seen some women do better than their male counterparts meaning even the rest given a chance can do it. Justice should be ensured equally to all classes of people to the poor and the rich. Slaves are people like any other hence should not be eliminated when it comes to some matters. They can vote and those with leadership qualities should be allowed to go ahead and exercise them. State leadership is not for a chosen few families any one from which ever family as long as they have the capability can be given the mandate and not discriminated due to where they come from. As justice in the state is been sought, justice for individuals should also be sought. The state affair shouldn’t be run on the expense of the individual’s welfare. The individuals are the components of the society and state hence negligence on their affairs means neglecting the states justice. Justice according to Plato and Aristotle I have italicized philosophers’ remarks to distinguish then from the rest of the discussion] [In brief, Socrates says writing would bring harmless pleasure to old men and memories against the forgetfulness of old age] A pastime, Socrates, as noble as the other [wasting seeds during youth] is ignoble, the pastime of a man who can be amused by seri ous talk, and can discourse merrily about justice and the like. He meant as the idea of Socrates that the best and true way of writing is the in bold letter the principle of justice is communicating orally for the sake of instructions and engraving in the souls. This makes the principles become ones own and his legitimate offspring; though writing would keep the exact information for future generations. Justice is an old concept in existence and was discussed by several philosophers of the past. According to Plato justice is harmony of three things of the soul which includes desire, appetites and reason. Reason is what reign over both desires and appetites. ‘Plato likened it to a chariot pulled by to joined horses towards the sun where the horses are desire and appetite and the driver represents the reason that reigns. The sun represents the truly important goal in life. They have to be monitored not to fly too low or too close to the sun and doing so give a true balance to all elements. He believes through this balance justice can be achieved to all individuals. ’ Plato believed justice is implemented when the three types of human character performed their functions. Likewise justice of a state is not found in a part of it but the whole of the state; which only occurs when it systems are balanced. Also the justice of an individual is found when his elements are balanced. He refuted the fact that just was that which was mandated by the powerful, and that might is right as opposed to Thracymachus. Plato saw a just society as one that meets the needs of all its individuals not a few or some (Hooker, pp234). Taking the ideal of Plato’s mentor major ideal that justice would be an excellent character, he sought to explain that no excellence would be achieved through destructive means. He argued that the role of justice was to improve human nature, which involved only constructions. You read "What is Justice?" in category "Papers" Justice according to Socrates implies superior character and intelligence while injustice is deficiency in these two areas. Hence just men are effective in action due to these two traits and are better and happier. In addition Plato defined justice in an excellent way as morality or righteousness, this includes the whole duty of man and involves individual induct towards others. In deed justice can be a quality of the soul, which most men set aside and fight for selfish desires and satisfaction. Aristotle denoted that the purpose of every human action was for achievement of good things. The things carried out by individuals are sough to give pleasure and happiness, others for the sake of honor and justice. He also distinguished between moral virtue and intellectual virtue; moral virtues are acquired and not inborn. He emphasized that people with virtues act virtuously and this is nit deniable. According to him justice is amoral virtue which includes lawfulness and fairness. Fairness calls for all privileges and responsibilities of individuals be equally and proportionally distributed. Aristotle concludes that pleasure is not the aim of human action because not every pleasure is good. He described happiness, as the unity between will and action, of intellect and reason. He concluded that human beings are happiest when guided by reason. Perfect happiness there of is gained by a unity of practical and theoretical wisdom (Scott, Para 4, 5 10). In reference to justice, shame and reputations were termed as motivators of action in justice. Many people are able to express truth when unimpeded by shame. According to Aristotle shame was a pain concerning things that caused individual disrespect. Aristotle concluded that a true expert is the one who challenges city’s convectional justice and not constraint of shame and concern of reputation. In view of Aristotle he spoke of justice as a virtue, individual traits which have a lot of ground in social justice. On the contrary Plato terms justice as an overarching of virtues of individuals, meaning every thing that he would term as ethical came under the notion justice. In the modern usage justice only covers a part of morality, and we don’t count people as unjust when they neglect their children or lie. Plato builded around the idea of philosopher rulers which was his primary point. This led to the question, ‘then why do you need ideal state to begin with? The discussion begins with the key term justice which leads to creation of an ideal state. He says the reason for an ideal state is to guarantee the existence of justice. This never denoted that there can be no state without justice because human being are not self sufficient so they need a social environment and each person has specified tasks on which they should build on (republican, pp56-62). Though a person is not self sufficient combination of person – a state should fulfill the need of all its members. Plato condemned the fact that only the auxiliaries are got a chance to state leadership and the poor had no where near. His aim was to define justice though he used politics to do that. On the other hand Aristotle used politics to define politics itself. He begins his text by asking, why does the state exit? ‘ His answer was a state is a culmination of natural groupings that begins with the coming together of a man and a woman- a pair, get a family and form a household, which units form a village and villages into a state. ’ Lack of sufficiency just like in Plato’s view is the catalyst to rising up of unions among people. In politics he is not up to breaking down the society, he argues that there are different classes in society which are naturally defined. He devotes a lot of time to explain the ‘naturalness’ of salves and their importance in the society. Both Plato and Aristotle agree that some people can’t play an active role in politics. They upheld benefit of the community above those of individuals; today’s constitution includes a bill of rights that guarantee the rights of every individual. This is good for today’s citizens. In accordance to the three elements in human nature equally there are three classes in the society-Philosopher class or the ruling class which denotes reason; auxiliaries, a class of warriors and defenders of the country implying the spirit; and the appetite instinct of the community which includes farmers, artisans the lower class people of the society. Thus, weaving a web between the human organism and the social organism, Plato said this to assert that every person had a role in seeing that justice is done to all. Slavery is a contradicting issue between the philosophers and today’s society. Aristotle considered slavery natural when it came to politics; and in relation to slavery he undermined female population. Plato was a lot less discriminatory but this didn’t stop him from believing women were sub-species. This made woman fight endless battle to gain recognition they deserved, today its well acceptable that what men can do women can do better. Plato discussed the possibility of a luxurious state. Where the needs of the people are met and there is division of labor. And there is existence of military protection that is not a threat to the state itself and offers successful military protection. Plato asks if an unqualified good human being must appear to fall to bad now and then. This would be a person who is neither perfect in virtue and justice, nor one who falls into misfortune through vice and depravity; but rather, one who succumbs through some miscalculation. He must also be a person who enjoys great reputation and good fortune Enjoying a reputation means finding happiness which Aristotle on the other hand liken to performance of ones duty and is determine by ones degree of evolution. He disagrees with Plato’s view of sacrificing ones happiness for the interest of the community. Plato contrary to the theories of his student, like cephalous justice out to be treated as internal not something external. It is not an importation, or an accomplishment. He proved that justice is not dependent upon chance or an external force. He termed it as the right condition of a human soul. He concluded his debate by saying justice is the bond that joins men together in society. Aristotle on the other hand recognized the role of deliberations in a government, in particular democracy and the extent to which real justice depended on good deliberations (politics, pp410). He argued that democracy supports good life. Aristotle proposes that the private and the government assistance should be given to the poor as a way of trying to achieve self-sufficiency which denote justice. Aristotle’s ideal of justice appeared superior, upon further investigation but Plato’s was stronger. In conclusion both Plato and Aristotle had good points of view they agreed in most of their debates. This was as a result of originating from the same roots academically. These deliberations they made were for the good of the society. On the other hand they differ on several topic or views which enabled the society to take the better view as emphasized by their mentor Socrates. Justice should be for the good of the individuals and also the society. Work Cited Hooker R. Greek Philosopher Plato, 1996 retrieved on 25th Nov, 2008 from; http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GREECE/PLATO.HTM Scott A, Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, 2002 retrieved on 25th Nov, 2008 from: http://www.angelfire.com/md2/timewarp/ethics.html River S, Pearson N.J, Politics Ancient Philosophy.2008 Ed. Forrest E. Baird and Walter Kaufmann. Upper Vol. 1 of Philosophic Classics. 442-453. How to cite What is Justice?, Papers

International Management The Case of China

Extant literature demonstrates that cultural factors not only shape but also influence how business organizations behave and perform in cross-culturally reflected international markets (Guang Trotter 6456).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on International Management: The Case of China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The present paper attempts to develop a cultural profile of China and also explicate some key findings on Hofstede’s four dimensions of cultural differences. The cultural profile is presented along four main subsystems: religion, kinship, leisure and recreation, as well as dressing. In religion, the major finding is that China is an atheist state, but Confucianism, Catholicism, Buddhism and Taoism continue to influence significantly the basis around which the cultural aspects of Chinese life is organized. Most people practice Confucianism more as a philosophy than a religion, but this p ractice not only bears spiritual value but also provides them with some form of social interaction and impacts on everyday observances (Diversicare 16). In kinship, it is important to note the Chinese society is largely male-centered and the man continues to occupy a dominant position in the family in terms of decision making, but â€Å"Chinese women are increasingly acquiring greater equity with men as they contribute their income or labor often in a family business† (Diversicare 9). In leisure and recreation, the major finding is that Chinese people like to develop a structured routine by which they engage in leisure activities and they like sticking to these routines without failing. The family plays an influential role in deciding which recreational activities to engage in (Diversicare 12).Advertising Looking for research paper on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lastly, in dressing, the Chinese hav e no specific rules or customs that govern the dress code and clothing is usually chosen for comfort or to reflect the fashion of the day (Diversicare 10). International organizations wishing to conduct business in China need to develop foresight into the prevailing attitudes in the country (Selmer 68). The prevailing attitude towards time is that it should be managed effectively to avoid wastage as it is a critical asset that determines success. Various religious doctrines in Taoism and Buddhism do not allow individuals to change or alter the environment (Selmer 72), thus it may prove challenging to initiate change in China because people who are guided by these doctrines may choose to adjust to the physical environment rather than alter its normal functioning. Many Chinese are still influenced and shaped by Confucianism and communism, with this being reflected by how they demonstrate the collective wellbeing of society rather than individualistic predispositions. Today, however, t his trend is changing as more Chinese are pushed by materialistic intentions to make money for themselves and their families (Hay para. 1). Hofstede’s seminal work â€Å"resulted in a path-breaking framework for understanding how basic values underlie organizational behavior† (Deresky 100). This section aims to briefly outline Hofstede’s findings regarding the four value dimensions, namely â€Å"power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism and masculinity† (Deresky 100). In power distance, Confucian teachings and communist orientations influence many Chinese employees to acknowledge the boss’s authority simply by demonstrating respect to the position of power in the hierarchy.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on International Management: The Case of China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In uncertainty avoidance, Chinese kinship and family systems give rise to high level of uncertainty avoidance, implying that organizations that wish to operate in China are likely to be governed by strict rules that achieve high adherence from employees (Deresky 100). In individualism, the Chinese people are increasingly moving away from the yoke of communism towards individualism and therefore employees are now regarding individual initiative and personal achievement towards economic empowerment. In masculinity, more Chinese women are joining the formal labor force but are yet to achieve high-level jobs. It can therefore be argued that China lies somewhat in the middle of the masculinity-femininity paradigm as there is a demonstrated concern for others though assertive orientations are still prevalent (Deresky 101). Works Cited Deresky, Helen. International Management: Managing Across Borders and Cultures. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Diversicare 2006, Chinese Culture Profile. PDF File. Web. Guang, Tian Dan Trotter. â€Å"Key Issues in Cr oss-Cultural Business Communication: Anthropological Approaches to International Business.† African Journal of Business Management. 6.22 (2012): 6456-6464. Web. Hays, Jeffrey. Chinese Society – Confucianism, Crowds and Villages. 2011. Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Selmer, Jan. â€Å"Cross-Cultural Training and Expatriate Adjustment in China: Western Joint venture Managers.† Personnel Review. 34.1 (2005): 68-84. Emerald. Web. 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